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iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
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Comments to Loewe et al. - Growth of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) European provenances in central Chile

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 353-354 (2017)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor0078-010
Published: Feb 02, 2017 - Copyright © 2017 SISEF

Commentaries & Perspectives

The author replies to the article by Loewe Muñoz et al. ([6]), published on Aug 29, 2016 in iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, shortly commenting the choice of a Lombardy provenance of Pinus pinea L. used in the field trial experiment test at issue.

Stone pine, Productivity, Growth, Provenances

  Introduction 

The article by Loewe Muñoz et al. ([6]), recently appeared as Short Communication in iForest, concerns the high interest in Italian stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) as an alternative forest tree crop for the Mediterranean zone of Chile. In that country the species is included in afforestation and rural development programs ([7]) with special reference to its role in agroforestry for pine nuts production (⇒ http:/­/­ www.­chilenut.­cl/­index.­php).

It is widely accepted that Italian stone pine is a relevant Mediterranean conifer for ecological characteristics and the high landscape values of forest stands ([5]). However, the attention paid to this forest species is even greater for edible seeds with increasingly added value ([8]). They are the world’s most expensive dried nuts, with very appreciated characteristics as gourmet and healthy food for excellent dietetic values compared to other nut pine seeds ([9], [11]). During last years, a decrease of pine nut yield and cone production has been observed throughout the Mediterranean countries, due to the spread of attacks of the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann - [1]) causing the so called Dry Cone Syndrome ([3]).

  Considerations 

In their paper Loewe Muñoz et al. ([6]) reported the findings of a research carried out in central Chile, where growth and cone production of six European Stone pine provenances (two from Italy, three from Spain and one from Slovenia) were analyzed in a field trial experiment test.

The two Italian provenances considered refer to Tuscany and Lombardy, respectively, and the latter was used for the first time in a provenance trial. The literature concerning Italian stone pine does not give explicit information regarding this Lombardy provenance, although in the topological map of Pinus pinea L., published by EUFORGEN ([4]), a very small area could be geographically referred to Lombardy. However, that provenance is not included in the list of Italian seed forests, that can be currently retrieved by the Ricercaforestale.it website ([12]).

With regard to the Italian provenances generally used for other trials, we can find a Portuguese research where seed lots came from the sites of Cecina, Tomboli di Cecina and Duna Feniglia (Tuscany). Cecina e Duna Feniglia were signaled among the top five provenances of trial ([2]). Moreover, the main findings of another provenance test carried out in France and Spain ([10]), also indicated that the Italian provenance from Duna Feniglia (one of the certified Italian stone pine forest for seed production) achieved the highest growth along with those from inner Spain and France.

  Conclusions 

It would be very interesting to know something more about the characteristics of Lombardy provenance that motivated the authors’ choice to use it in their trial (e.g., site quality, seed and cone production, tree features, historic background of stone pine plantations in that site).

Further details in this regard would be very appreciated, because Pinus pinea L. has been protagonist of an ancient, articulate and fascinating history - from forestry, economic and human point of view - which has not yet ended.

  References

(1)
Bracalini M, Benedettelli S, Croci F, Terreni P, Tiberi R, Panzavolta T (2013). Cone and seed pests of Pinus pinea: assessment and characterization of damage. Journal of Economic Entomology 106: 229-34.
Online | Gscholar
(2)
Carrasquinho I, Gonçalvez E (2013). Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) genetic variability for growth traits in a Portuguese provenance trial. In: Proceedings of the “AGROPINE 2011 International Meeting on Mediterranean Stone Pine for Agroforestry” (Mutke S, Piqué M, Calama R eds). Valladolid (Spain) 17-19 Nov 2011. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A - Séminaires Méditerranéens 105: 59-66.
Online | Gscholar
(3)
Elvira-Recuenco M, Sánchez-Moreno J, Calama R, Pardos M, Mutke S, Gordo FJ, Pascual S, Raposo R (2016). Damage assessment in pine nuts from stone pine caused by Leptoglossus occidentalis and pathogenic agents. In: Proceedings of the EFIMED Conference “Wild Forest Products in Europe”. Barcelona (Spain) 13-14 Oct 2016, Poster session.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(4)
Fady B, Fineschi S, Vendramin GG (2004). Pinus pinea - Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for Italian stone pine. EUFORGEN, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-6.
Online | Gscholar
(5)
Gasparella L, Tomao A, Agrimi M, Corona P, Portoghesi L, Barbati A (2016). Italian stone pine forests under Rome’s siege: learning from the past to protect their future. Landscape Research 42 (2): 211-222.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(6)
Loewe Muñoz V, Balzarini M, Delard Rodríguez C, Alvarez Contreras A, Navarro-Cerrillo RM (2016). Growth of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) European provenances in central Chile. iForest (early view).
CrossRef | Gscholar
(7)
Loewe MV, Delard RC (2012). Un nuevo cultivo para Chile, el pino pinonero (Pinus pinea L.) [A new crop for Chile, the Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.)]. Instituto Forestal, Santiago, Chile, pp. 364. [in Spanish]
Gscholar
(8)
Loewe Muñoz V (2015). Oportunidades comerciales para el Piñón de pino piñonero (Pinus pinea L.) en Chile [Commercial opportunities for Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Chile]. Web presentation. [in Spanish]
Online | Gscholar
(9)
Mutke S, Gordo J, Khouja ML, Fady B (2013a). Low genetic and high environmental diversity at adaptive traits in Pinus pinea from provenance tests in France and Spain. In: Proceedings of the “AGROPINE 2011 International Meeting on Mediterranean Stone Pine for Agroforestry” (Mutke S, Piqué M, Calama R eds). Valladolid (Spain) 17-19 Nov 2011. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A - Séminaires Méditerranéens 105: 73-80.
Online | Gscholar
(10)
Mutke S, Pastor A, Picardo A (2013b). Toward a traceability of European pine nuts “from forest to fork”. In: Proceedings of the “AGROPINE 2011 International Meeting on Mediterranean Stone Pine for Agroforestry” (Mutke S, Piqué M, Calama R eds). Valladolid (Spain) 17-19 Nov 2011. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A - Séminaires Méditerranéens 105: 105-109.
Online | Gscholar
(11)
Pettenella D, Masiero M, Masood Awan HU, Vidale E (2014). Market developments for pine products: actors and patterns of trade in a changing market conditions. In: Proceedings of the “5th International Conference on Mediterranean Pines - MEDPINE 5”. Solsona (Spain) 22-26 Sep 2014. Web Presentation, pp. 14.
Online | Gscholar
(12)
Ricercaforestale (2016). Ricercaforestale.it - Portale della ricerca scientifica e della pratica forestale [Ricercaforestale.it - Portal of scientific research and practical forestry]. CREA, Web site. [in Italian]
Online | Gscholar

Authors’ Affiliation

(1)
Mariagrazia Agrimi
Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, v. S. Camillo de Lellis snc, I-01100 Viterbo (Italy)

Corresponding author

 
Mariagrazia Agrimi
agrimi@unitus.it

Citation

Agrimi M (2017). Comments to Loewe et al. - Growth of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) European provenances in central Chile. iForest 10: 353-354. - doi: 10.3832/ifor0078-010

Academic Editor

Gabriele Bucci

Paper history

Received: Oct 27, 2016
Accepted: Dec 16, 2016

First online: Feb 02, 2017
Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017
Publication Time: 1.60 months

© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2017

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This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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