Assessing the carbon sink of afforestation with the Carbon Budget Model at the country level: an example for Italy

doi:10.3832/ifor1257-007

Assessing the carbon sink of afforestation with the Carbon Budget Model at the country level: an example for Italy

Roberto Pilli⁽¹⁾ , Giacomo Grassi⁽¹⁾, Jose V Moris⁽²⁾, Werner A Kurz⁽³⁾

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 410-421 (2014)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1257-007
Published: Oct 02, 2014 - Copyright © 2014 SISEF

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In the context of the Kyoto Protocol, the mandatory accounting of Afforestation and Reforestation (AR) activities requires estimating the forest carbon (C) stock changes for any direct human-induced expansion of forest since 1990. We used the Carbon Budget Model (CBM) to estimate C stock changes and emissions from fires on AR lands at country level. Italy was chosen because it has one of the highest annual rates of AR in Europe and the same model was recently applied to Italy’s forest management area. We considered the time period 1990-2020 with two case studies reflecting different average annual rates of AR: 78 kha yr^-1, based on the 2013 Italian National Inventory Report (NIR, official estimates), and 28 kha yr^-1, based on the Italian Land Use Inventory System (IUTI estimates). We compared these two different AR rates with eight regional forest inventories and three independent local studies. The average annual C stock change estimated by CBM, excluding harvest or natural disturbances, was equal to 1738 Gg C yr^-1 (official estimates) and 630 Gg C yr^-1 (IUTI estimates). Results for the official estimates are consistent with the estimates reported by Italy to the KP for the period 2008-2010; for 2011 our estimates are about 20% higher than the country’s data, probably due to different assumptions on the fire disturbances, the AR rate and the dead wood and litter pools. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that: (i) the impact on the AR sink of different assumptions of species composition is small; (ii) the amount of harvest provided by AR has been negligible for the past (< 3%) and is expected to be small in the near future (up to 8% in 2020); (iii) forest fires up to 2011 had a small impact on the AR sink (on average, < 100 Gg C yr^-1). Finally the comparison of the historical AR rates reported by NIR and IUTI with other independent sources gives mixed results: the regional inventories support the AR rates reported by the NIR, while some local studies suggest AR rates somehow intermediate between NIR and IUTI. In conclusion, this study suggests that the CBM can be applied at country level to estimate the C stock changes resulting from AR, including the effect of harvest and fires, though only a comparison with results based on direct field measurements could verify the model’s capability to estimate the real C stock change.

Keywords

Afforestation, Reforestation, Carbon Budget Model, Italy, INFC, IUTI

Authors’ address

(1)

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, v. E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA, Italy)

(2)

University of Torino, Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, v. L. Da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO, Italy)

(3)

Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria BC V8Z 1M5 (Canada)

Corresponding author

Roberto Pilli
roberto.pilli@jrc.ec.europa.eu

Citation

Pilli R, Grassi G, Moris JV, Kurz WA (2014). Assessing the carbon sink of afforestation with the Carbon Budget Model at the country level: an example for Italy. iForest 8: 410-421. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1257-007

Academic Editor

Marco Borghetti

Paper history

Received: Jan 30, 2014
Accepted: Jul 21, 2014

First online: Oct 02, 2014
Publication Date: Aug 02, 2015
Publication Time: 2.43 months

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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